LUKÁCS, György (1885-1971), Hungarian revolutionary and literary critic, born in Budapest, and educated at the University of Budapest. By 1918, when he joined the Communist party, he was already considered a major European literary critic. He served in the regime of Béla Kun, leader of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic. When Kun's government collapsed in 1919, Lukács fled to Vienna, where he continued his writing. After Hitler's rise to power, Lukács moved to the USSR and worked at the Institute of Philosophy of the Soviet Academy of Science. Lukács returned to Hungary in 1945 and became a member of parliament. In 1956 he supported the Hungarian uprising; after its failure he lost his influence with the Communist party, but was allowed to continue his writing.

Among his major books are History and Class Consciousness (1923; trans. 1971), Studies in European Realism (1948; trans. 1950), The Destruction of Reason (1955), and the uncompleted Social Ontology of Being.
Phenomenologists