LENIN, Vladimir Ilich, 1870-1924. Revolutionary. Practised law in Samara (1892). To St. Petersburg (1893), where he began Socialist propaganda work; arrested (1895), exiled (1897) to Siberia, where he completed his economic study The Development of Capitalism in Russia (1899). Lived mostly in Western Europe (1900-17); founded, edited, or controlled several revolutionary periodicals, such as Iskra (1900-03), Vperyod (1905-06), Zvezda (1910-12) and Pravda (1912-14). In Russia (from April 1917), assumed leadership of revolutionary movement; declared that supreme power in Russia was vested in the soviets; overthrew Kerensky' s provisional government (Nov. 7-8, 1917);became head of Soviet government as chairman of the Council of People' s Commissars. Lenin wrote What Is To Be Done? (1902), Two Tactics of Social-Democracy in the Democratic Revolution (1905), Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism (1917), and The State and Revolution (1917).
Phenomenologists